Skip to main content
Control which websites appear in search results, filter by date and location, target specific languages, and fine-tune search behavior using Sonar API filters.

​
Domain Filters

Control which websites are included or excluded from search results using search_domain_filter. Supports both domain-level and URL-level filtering. Key parameters:
  • search_domain_filter: Array of domains or URLs (max 20)
  • Allowlist mode: Include only specified domains (no prefix)
  • Denylist mode: Exclude domains (prefix with -)
from perplexity import Perplexity

client = Perplexity()

# Allowlist: Only search specific domains
completion = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="sonar",
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "Tell me about space discoveries."}],
    search_domain_filter=["nasa.gov", "wikipedia.org", "space.com"]
)

# Denylist: Exclude specific domains
completion = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="sonar",
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "What are renewable energy advances?"}],
    search_domain_filter=["-reddit.com", "-pinterest.com"]
)
You can add a maximum of 20 domains or URLs. Use either allowlist OR denylist mode, not both simultaneously.

​
Date & Time Filters

Filter search results by publication date, last updated date, or recency using date range parameters. Key parameters:
  • search_after_date_filter: Filter by publication date (format: %m/%d/%Y)
  • search_before_date_filter: Filter by publication date (format: %m/%d/%Y)
  • last_updated_after_filter: Filter by last updated date
  • last_updated_before_filter: Filter by last updated date
  • search_recency_filter: Predefined periods ("day", "week", "month", "year")
from perplexity import Perplexity

client = Perplexity()

# Publication date range
completion = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="sonar",
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "Show me tech news from this week."}],
    search_after_date_filter="3/1/2025",
    search_before_date_filter="3/5/2025"
)

# Last updated date range
completion = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="sonar-pro",
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "Show me recently updated articles."}],
    last_updated_after_filter="3/1/2025",
    last_updated_before_filter="3/5/2025"
)

# Recency filter (convenient relative dates)
completion = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="sonar-pro",
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "Latest AI developments?"}],
    search_recency_filter="week"
)
Date filters must use %m/%d/%Y format (e.g., "3/1/2025"). search_recency_filter cannot be combined with other date filters.

​
Location Filters

Customize search results based on geographic location using user_location within web_search_options. Key parameters:
  • country: Two-letter ISO 3166 country code (required with coordinates)
  • region: State, province, or administrative division
  • city: City name
  • latitude: Latitude coordinate (-90 to 90)
  • longitude: Longitude coordinate (-180 to 180)
from perplexity import Perplexity

client = Perplexity()

# Full location specification (recommended)
completion = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="sonar-pro",
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "What are good coffee shops nearby?"}],
    web_search_options={
        "user_location": {
            "country": "US",
            "region": "California",
            "city": "San Francisco",
            "latitude": 37.7749,
            "longitude": -122.4194
        }
    }
)

# Country code only
completion = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="sonar-pro",
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "Summarize today's news."}],
    web_search_options={
        "user_location": {
            "country": "US"
        }
    }
)
For best accuracy, provide as many location fields as possible. City and region significantly improve location precision.

​
Language Filter

Filter search results by language using ISO 639-1 language codes. Key parameters:
  • search_language_filter: Array of 2-letter language codes (max 10)
from perplexity import Perplexity

client = Perplexity()

# Single language
completion = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="sonar",
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "Tell me about AI developments."}],
    search_language_filter=["en"]
)

# Multiple languages
completion = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="sonar-pro",
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "Renewable energy in Europe?"}],
    search_language_filter=["en", "fr", "de"]
)
Language codes must be valid ISO 639-1 codes (e.g., "en", "fr", "de"). You can filter by up to 10 languages per request.

​
Academic Filter

Prioritize scholarly sources and peer-reviewed content by setting search_mode to "academic". Key parameters:
  • search_mode: Set to "academic" to target academic sources
from perplexity import Perplexity

client = Perplexity()

completion = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="sonar-pro",
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "What is the scientific name of lion's mane mushroom?"}],
    search_mode="academic",
    web_search_options={"search_context_size": "low"}
)

# Combine with date filters for recent research
completion = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="sonar",
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "Latest findings on neural networks?"}],
    search_mode="academic",
    search_after_date_filter="1/1/2023"
)

​
SEC Filings Filter

Target U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission filings and official financial documents. Key parameters:
  • search_mode: Set to "sec" to target SEC filings
from perplexity import Perplexity

client = Perplexity()

completion = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="sonar-pro",
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "Prepare me for markets opening."}],
    search_mode="sec"
)

# Combine with date filters for recent filings
completion = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="sonar",
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "Summarize latest 10-K filings for Apple Inc."}],
    search_mode="sec",
    search_after_date_filter="1/1/2023"
)

​
Context Size Control

Control how much search context is retrieved to balance cost and comprehensiveness. Key parameters:
  • search_context_size: Set to "low" (default), "medium", or "high" within web_search_options
from perplexity import Perplexity

client = Perplexity()

# Low context (cost-efficient, default)
completion = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="sonar",
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "How many stars in our galaxy?"}],
    web_search_options={"search_context_size": "low"}
)

# High context (comprehensive)
completion = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="sonar",
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "Explain the 2008 financial crisis."}],
    web_search_options={"search_context_size": "high"}
)
Selecting "high" increases search costs due to more extensive web retrieval. Use "low" when cost efficiency is critical.

​
Search Control

Control when web search is performed using the search classifier or by disabling search entirely. Key parameters:
  • enable_search_classifier: Let AI decide when to search (boolean)
  • disable_search: Disable web search completely (boolean)
from perplexity import Perplexity

client = Perplexity()

# Search classifier (AI decides when to search)
completion = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="sonar-pro",
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "What are latest quantum computing developments?"}],
    enable_search_classifier=True
)

# Disable search completely
completion = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="sonar-pro",
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "What is 2 + 2?"}],
    disable_search=True
)
Pricing remains the same regardless of whether search is triggered. Search control is for performance optimization, not cost reduction.

​
Combining Filters

You can combine multiple filters for precise control over search results: 
from perplexity import Perplexity

client = Perplexity()

# Combine domain, language, date, and context size filters
completion = client.chat.completions.create(
    model="sonar-pro",
    messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "Recent quantum computing breakthroughs?"}],
    search_domain_filter=["nature.com", "science.org", "arxiv.org"],
    search_language_filter=["en", "de"],
    search_recency_filter="month",
    web_search_options={"search_context_size": "high"}
)

​
Next Steps

Sonar Quickstart

Get started with the Sonar API and learn the basics